INDIA
The Timurid Dynasty
GENEALOGY
1760-1788 and 1788-1806 H.M. ‘Abdu’llah Jalal ud-din Abu’l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad ‘Ali Gauhar Shah-i-‘Alam II Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Ghazi, Emperor of India. b. at Delhi, 25th June 1728, eldest son of H.M. Abu’l-‘Adil ‘Aziz ud-din Muhammad ‘Alamgir II Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Ghazi, Emperor of India, by his wife, Nawab Zinat Mahal Sahiba, educ. privately. Granted the title of ‘Ali Gauhar 16th August 1754, and prom to Shah-i-‘Alam Bahadur 24th April 1756. Appointed to an Imperial mansab of 30,000 zat and 30,000 sowar 16th August 1754. Wazir ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan 19th February 1757. Fled to Bengal in 1758. Ascended the musnaid at Gothauli, after the death of his father, 24th December 1759. Proclaimed by the Marathas after they had taken Delhi, 16th October 1760. Placed himself under the protection of the HEIC, following the defeat of the Marathas by the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Abdali in January 1761. Granted the Diwani of the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the HEIC 12th August 1765, and remained under their protection until he forsook the same and proceeded to Delhi in 1771. Entered the capital at an auspicious moment on 6th January 1772. Falling into the hands of Ghulam Qadir Khan Rohilla, he was deposed 30th July 1788. Blinded by the Rohilla, who stood on the Emperor’s chest and took out his eyes with his own dagger, 12th August 1788. Restored and proclaimed for a second time by the Marathas, 16th October 1788. From this date, the Marathas occupied Delhi with a permanent garrison until their eventual expulsion by Lord Lake on 14th September 1803, when the Emperor was placed under British protection. The permanent provision of 23rd May 1805 established a pension of Rs 90, 000 per mensum (raised to 100, 000 in 1809 and 125,000 in 1833), and extended British civil and judicial control over Delhi and its environs. The Emperor retaining exclusive civil and criminal jurisdiction, but not military, within the walls of the Red Fort only. A poet under the nom de plume of “Aftab”, author of the “Diwan Aftab”. m. (first) H.H. Nawab Piari Begum Sahiba (d. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, before 4th April 1790). m. (second) H.H. Nawab Taj Mahal Begum Sahiba (d. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, 12th September 1792), sister of Mubaraq ud-Daula (or Muham ud-Daula?), Nawab Sayyid Akbar ‘Ali Khan Bahadur, Mustaqim Jang. m. (third) H.H. Nawab Jamil un-nisa Begum Sahiba [Manjhu Begum], daughter of Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Humayun Bakht Bahadur. m. (fourth) at Miranpur, late 1758, H.H. Nawab Qudsia Begum Mubaraq Mahal Sahiba (d. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, 15th February 1816), daughter of Siraj ud-Daula, Mirza Akbar ‘Ali Khan Safawi, sometime Deputy Minister of State. m. (fifth) H.H. Nawab Murad Bakht Begum Sahiba (d. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, after 1801, bur. there at the Dargah of Qutb Sahib). m. (sixth) H.H. Nawab Malika-i-Alam Begum Sahiba [Azizan]. m. (i) Shahabadi Mahal Sahiba (bur. Qutb). m. (ii) Muhabat Mahal Sahiba (d.s.p.) m. (a) Rawana Kasia Begum Sahiba (d.. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, before October 1831). m. (b) Rawana Kubja Begum Sahiba (d.s.p. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, May 1831). m. (c) Nur un-nisa. m. (d) Muharani (d.s.p.). m. (e) Azizabadi Mahal Sahiba (d. at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, 10th December 1826). m. (f) Jam’iyat un-nisa. m. (g) Hafiz un-nisa. m. (h) Hakiya Bai Sahiba. m. (i) Agum Bai Sahiba. m. (j) Khasyta Bai Sahiba. m. (k) Hasina Bai Sahiba. m. (l) Atera Kunwar. m. (m) Jam’iyat Bai Sahiba. m. (n) Abiya Bai Sahiba. m. (o) Sarsar Kunwar Sahiba. m. (p) Rup Kunwar Sahiba. m. (q) Lal Kunwar Sahiba. m. (r) Bayat Bai Sahiba. m. (s) Muhammadi Bai Sahiba. m. (t) Jalil un-nisa. m. (u) Biyaz Bai Sahiba. m. (v) Roshan Bai Sahiba. m. (w) Niya Bai Sahiba. m. (x) Murad Bakhsh Sahiba (bur. Qutb Sahib, Mahrauli). Four ladies of his harem threw themselves into a river, when left to starve to death during Ghulam Kadir’s reign of terror, at Delhi, 27th August 1788. He d. in captivity, at the Red Fort, Shahjahanabad, Delhi, 19th November 1806 (bur. there, near the tomb of Emperor Bahadur Shah, Mahrauli), having had issue, over fifty sons and daughters, including:
- 1) H.R.H. Shahzada Mirza Jawan Bakht, Jahandar Shah Bahadur. b. at Delhi, 1749 (s/o Nawab Taj Mahal Begum), educ. privately. Proclaimed as Regent by the Mahrathas during the absence of his father in Bengal, 9th October 1760. Invested as Heir Apparent with the title of Wali Ahad Bahadur, 10th October 1760. Wazir ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan 1762-1764, 2nd Bakhshi 1779, Supt of the Bathing Apartments 1779-1781. Fled from Delhi 14th April 1784 and settled at Lucknow and granted a political pension by the HEIC, later removed to Benares where he was given the Shiwala Palace for his residence. m. (first) H.R.H. Nawab Mulka-i-Afaq Qutlaq Sultan Begum Sahiba [Jina Begum] [Mahal-i-Khas] (b. at Delhi, 1750; d. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 20th October 1818, bur. there at Bagh-i-Fatiman), second daughter of ‘Ala ud-Daula, Mirza Muhammad ‘Ala ud-din Bahadur [Mirza Babar], sometime Subadar of Allahabad, by his wife, Nawab Malika uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba, second daughter of H.M. Abu’l-‘Adil ‘Aziz ud-din Muhammad ‘Alamgir II Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Ghazi, Emperor of India. m. (second) Jahanabadi Begum Sahiba (d.s.p. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 10th April 1820). m. (fourth) Zeb un-nisa Begum Sahiba (d.s.p. at Fatehgarh Cantonment, Farrukhabad, 31st May 1822, bur. there at Shahzadas’ Garden, Husainpur), previously Bibi Zehan, a former slave of Princess Mehdi Begum. m. (i) Mahal-i-Khas Sahiba (d. before 1788, bur. Chunar). m. (ii) Halim un-nisa Khanum (d. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 3rd December 1848). m. (iii) Zahar un-nisa Khanum (d. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 18th March 1838). m. (a) Qubnagar (d. at Delhi, after 1788), a slave. He d.v.p. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 31st May 1788 (bur. there), having had issue, four sons and eight daughters:
- a) Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Shigufta Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Hajji]. b. 1762 (s/o a concubine), educ. privately. Adopted by his stepmother, Jahanabadi Begum Sahiba. m. Fakhr un-nisa Begum Sahiba (b. 1772; d. at Benares, 10th November 1842). He d. at the Shiwala Palace, Benares, 5th May 1810, having had issue, three sons:
- i) Mirza Jalal ud-din Akbar Ahmad Bakht Bahadur. b. 1790. m. (first) at Benares, 1807, Nawab Aisha Sultan Begum Sahiba (d.s.p. before April 1867), fourth daughter of H.R.H. Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Mu’azzam Shah, Khurram Bakht Bahadur, of Benares. m. (second) Salim un-nisa Begum Sahiba (d. at Benares, 11th December 1859). m. (third) Najm un-nisa Begum Sahiba (d. after 1862). m. (fourth) Jamal Begum Sahiba. He d. at Benares, 21st November 1829, having had issue, one son and one daughter:
- (1) Mirza Ahsan Bakht Bahadur. b. ca. 1826 (s/o Jamal Begum), educ. privately. m. (first) Nawab Mihr Nihar Sultan Begum Sahiba (b. at Benares, 1822; k. in a massive explosion of ordnance boats, at Raj Ghat, Benares, 1st May 1850), a cousin. m. (second) Nawab Khadija Sultan Begum Sahiba [Maidu Begum] (b. at Benares, ca. 1838; m. second, 1858, Mirza Shihab ud-din [Mirza Shubu Sahib], and d. at Delhi, 16th January 1906), younger daughter of Mirza Mahmud Jan, Buland Akhtar Bahadur, by his third wife, Vilayati Begum Sahiba, daughter of Mirza Muhammdi. He d. at Benares, 1st October 1858, having had issue, two daughters:
- (a) Nawab Aisha Sultan Begum Sahiba. b. at Benares, 1843 (d/o Mihr Nihar Sultan Begum). She was k. in a massive explosion of ordnance boats, at Raj Ghat, Benares, 1st May 1850.
- (b) Nawab Khadija Sultan Begum Sahiba [Baigu Sahiba] (d/o Khadija Sultan Begum). She d. before 1874. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- (1) Nawab Nubira Sultan Begum Sahiba. b. ca. 1827 (d/o Najm un-nisa), educ. privately. m. at Benares, December 1843, Mirza ‘Abdu’l Rahim Mahmud Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Jhubu Sahib] (d. at Benares, 14th May 1860), younger son of her uncle, Mirza Salim ud-din Muhammad Bakht Bahadur. She d.s.p. at Benares, 20th September 1875 – see below.
- ii) Mirza Salim ud-din Muhammad Bakht Bahadur. b. February 1793, educ. privately. m. (first) at Benares, 1807, Nawab Jan Sultan Begum Sahiba (d. at Benares, 19th December 1840), fifth daughter of H.R.H. Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Mu’azzam Shah, Khurram Bakht Bahadur, of Benares. m. (i) Ghumani Khanum (d. at Benares, 17th February 1885). He d. at Benares, 31st October 1829, having had issue, two sons and one daughter:
- (1) Mirza Muhammad Masud Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Babur Sahib] (s/o Jan Sultan Begum). m. Nawab Jahan Sultan Begum Sahiba (m. second, 1849, … and d.s.p. at Benares, 1898), elder daughter of Mirza Muhammad Usman, Farrukh-siyar Bahadur, by his wife, Jahan Banu Begum Sahiba. He d. at Benares, 14th November 1848, having had issue, one son and one daughter:
- (a) Mirza Muhammad Rahim ud-din Bakht Bahadur. b. at Benares, 1828 (s/o a concubine). m. Mubaraq un-nisa Begum Sahiba [Nasiba Begum] (d. before, October 1901). He d. at Benares, 28th August 1887, having had issue, one son:
- (i) Mirza Muhammad Kamal ud-din Bakht Bahadur. b. at Benares, 18xx (s/o a concubine). Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- (a) Nawab Jahan Sultan Begum Sahiba. m. a cousin.
- (2) Mirza ‘Abdu’l Rahim Mahmud Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Jhubu Sahib]. m. at Benares, December 1843, Nawab Nubira Sultan Begum Sahiba (b. ca. 1827; d.s.p. at Benares, 20th September 1875), daughter of his uncle, Mirza Jalal ud-din Akbar Ahmad Bakht Bahadur, by his third wife, Najm un-nisa Begum Sahiba. He d. at Benares, 14th May 1860, having had issue, one daughter:
- (a) Nawab Alia Sultan Begum Sahiba. m. ca. 1832, Mirza Muhammad Azam Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Chuti Sahib] (b. before 1820; d. at Benares, before 18th January 1860), fourth son of ‘Ali Qadr, Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Shuja Bakht Bahadur. She d.s.p. at Benares, 1st January 1894 – see below.
- (1) Nawab Naushaba Sultan Begum Sahiba (d/o Jan Sultan Begum). m. as his first wife, Mirza Muhammad Ahsan Bakht Bahadur (b. before 1820; d. at Benares, before 18th January 1860), eldest son of Shahzada Mirza ‘Ali Kadir, Shuja Bakht Bahadur, by his first wife, Nawab Bunnu Begum Sahiba, daughter of Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Sulaiman Shikoh Bahadur. She d.s.p. at Benares, 22nd June 1895 – see below.
- iii) Mirza Zia ud-din Muhammad Mahmud Bakht Bahadur [Mirza Bulaqi Sahib], educ. privately. m. (first) at Benares, 15th December 1815, Nawab Wajih us-Sultan Begum Sahiba (d.s.p. at Benares, 27th February 1818), daughter of his paternal uncle, H.R.H. Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Mu’azzam Shah, Khurram Bakht Bahadur, of Benares, by his wife, Nawab Zeb Jahan Begum Sahiba [Bari Khanum]. m. (second) at Benares, 1820, Nawab Alanqa Sultan Begum Sahiba (b. at Benares, 1810; d. from burns received in a massive explosion of ordnance boats, at Raj Ghat, Benares, 1st May 1850, bur. there), daughter of H.R.H. Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Mu’azzam Shah, Khurram Bakht Bahadur, of Benares. He d. at Benares, before 11th August 1858 (bur. there at Bagh-i-Fatiman), having had issue, one son and one daughter:
- (1) Mirza Nasir ud-din Muhammad, Mansur Bakht Bahadur. An Urdu poet under the nom de plume of Shaharyar. m. (first) 1841, a daughter of H.H. Nawab Zulfikar ‘Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Banda. m. (i) Mumtaz un-nisa Khanum (d. at Benares, 1896). m. (a) Subah Daulat (d. at Benares, 1899). He d. at Benares, 17th August 1865.
- (1) Nawab Alia Sultan Begum Sahiba. m. as his first wife, Mirza Sikandar Bakht Bahadur. (b. 1838; d. at Lucknow, before January 1901), elder son of her cousin, Mirza Muhammad Badr ud-din Bakht Bahadur, by his wife, Bahshah Bahu Begum Sahiba. She d. at Benares, 18th September 1873, having had issue, one son – see above.