negri2

NEGRI

SEMBILAN

The Pagarruyung Dynasty

GENEALOGY

1778 – 1796 H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Baijang, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan. b. in Sumatra and popularly known as Raja Melawar*, said by some authorities to be the son of Raja Masa Bhumi, by his wife, Putri Ratna Duata, youngest daughter of Daulat Yang di-Pertuan Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Alif II [Yamtuan Khalif]. Selected as ruler by the Yang di-Pertuan of Pagarruyung, and sent at the invitation of the Minangkabau settlers in Malay peninsular. He contested the sovereignty of the nine states with Raja Adil and his overlord the Viceroy of the Johore Empire Daeng Kamboja for many years until he finally succeeded in expelling the latter in 1773. Elected and installed at Penajis, by the some, but not all of the Undang Laut of the Negri Sembilan federation, 8^th November 1778 n.s. (after the death of the Viceroy). Invested with the style of Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Bsijang and confirmed in the title of Yang di-Pertuan Besar by the Sultan of Johor. Accepted as ruler by the penghulu of Rembau, clan chieftains and congregation of the nine districts on 19^th February 1785, he entered into an agreement with the Dutch authorities in Malacca in which he confirmed the treaty made by them on 11^th August 1779. m. (first) 1728, Cik Sani binti al-Marhum Penghulu Na’am, Cik Ampuan Besar, daughter of Dato’ Penghulu Na’am bin Baginda Maharaja Khatib Akhir Haji Salleh, the first Penghulu of Ulu Muar. m. (second) Cik Jangka, younger daughter Dato’ Penghulu Na’am bin Baginda Maharaja Khatib Akhir Haji Salleh, the first Penghulu of Ulu Muar. He d. at Astana Raja, Rembau, before 7^th July 1796 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery, Kampung Bukit Serajin), having had issue, one son and one daughter, by his first wife:

1) Y.A.M. Tunku Tutok ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (s/o Sani). He disputed the succession of his brother-in-law, Raja Hitam, 1796. He had issue:
- a) Y.M. Tunku Undok bin Tunku Tutok. He had issue:
  - i) Y.M. Tunku Jambi binti Tunku Undok. m. a commoner, and had issue, a daughter:
    - (1) Cik Tiama, who m. and had issue, a daughter: Copyright© Christopher Buyers
      - (a) Cik Kia. m. Y.M. Tunku Yasin bin Raja Beringan, second son of Yamtuan Pandak, Raja Beringan. She had issue, three sons and one daughter – see Indonesia (Minankabau).
1) H.H. Tunku Aisha binti al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Tuanku Ampuan (d/o Sani). m. ca. 1796, H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja Hitam, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan. She has issue, an only daughter – see below.

* It now seems almost certain that the use of the name “Raja Melawar” for this ruler is actually an error, conflating two quite different personalities who lived a generation apart. A Dutch report dated 31^st March 1728 clearly states that:

“... a certain vagrant called Radja Katip [i.e. Raja Khatib] - after he had been beaten by the present head of Rombouw, Radja Malewa, and put to flight - hid and kept his residence in the district of Nanning, with the intention of being elevated to the regality of that [place] assisted by his adherents. Thereby this place was put in uproar, and a great war could easily have flared up, if they [i.e. the Dutch in Melaka] had not, on the request of the Nanning Captain Orangkaya Siry Radja Mara, speedily sent the linguist, book-keeper and first police clerk Theodorus Jacobus van den Heuvel together with the Captain of the Malays, escorted by a Corporal and six soldiers. They arrived at Nanning and there discovered a great following of Radja Katip. After having settled all the disputes between Nanning and Rombouw to the satisfaction of each party, they brought him [i.e. Raja Khatib] and two of his foremost adherents to Malacca with sweet words. There, they were put under good watch in the Misericordia prison. At the first occasion, they would be sent to the opposite shore on the sloop Pattena and extradited to Radja Kitsjil of Siac [i.e. Raja Kechil of Siak], with a request that he would not allow Radja Katip to return to Rombouw, in order to prevent any future disturbances”.

This seems to be a reference to Daeng Marewah, the Bugis Viceroy or Raja Muda of the Johore Empire. As Josselin de Jong and others have shown, the name or title of “Malewar” is unused in Minangkabau or Sumatra generally. It is more likely to be a Malay transliteration of the Bugis “Marewah”. Daeng Marewah, whose centre of power and seat were then at nearby Linggi, held some sway over the area at the time and Raja Adil acted as the vice-regal wakil in Rembau for many years. Indeed, his successors as Raja Muda do not seem to have given up their influence in Negri Sembilan until the death of Marewah’s son-in-law in 1777. Moreover, it seems highly unlikely that the same individual who was installed as Yam Tuan in 1778 (or 1773 as the official history asserts), could have been the same person who defeated Raja Khatib fifty years before.

I am grateful to Dr Hans Hagerdal for focusing my attention upon the VOC report, which appears in Generale Missiven van gouverneurs-generaal en raden aan heren XVII der verenigde Oostindische Compagnie. Dl. VIII: 1725 – 1729, pp 172-173. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1985.

It is also clear that after the death of Raja Adil, the ‘penghulu, clan chieftains and congregation of the nine districts of Rembau’ refused to accept an overlord, confirming this to the Dutch when they concluded a treaty with them at Malacca in 1779. They only confirmed Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Baijang as supreme over them in 1785, when they allowed him to make a new engagement with the Dutch and confirming their earlier agreement of 1779. See P. E. De Josselin de Jong. “The Dynastic Myth of Negri Sembilan (Malaya)”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 131 (1975), No 2,3, Leiden, pp 285.

1796 – 1808 H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja Hitam, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, younger son of Yamtuan Raja Balamban, a Minangkabau prince, by his wife, Tuan Gadih Muda. Sent by the Raja of Pagaruyung at the invitation of the Minangkabau nobles of Negri Sembilan. Elected and installed at Penajis, by the Undang Laut of the federation, 1796. m. (first) 1796, H.H. Tunku Aisha binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Shah, Tuanku Ampuan, daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Baijang, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, by his first wife, Cik Sani binti al-Marhum Penghulu Na’am, Cik Ampuan Besar. m. (second) Cik Jingka, Encik Puan Besar. m. (third) Y.M. Tunku Sulung binti Raja Adil, daughter of Y.M. Raja Adil, Regent of Rembau. He d. at Istana Raja, Sri Menanti, 1808 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue, three sons and three daughters:

1) Y.A.M. Tunku Husain ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam, Tunku Alang (s/o Jingka). Governor of Jempol in 1839. Regent of Negri Sembilan in 1869. m. Nyai Uban, second daughter of Gandum, of Jempol, and maternal niece of Dato’ Na’am bin Baginda Maharaja Khatib Akhir Haji Salleh, Dato’ Lela Putra Setiawan, Penghulu of Ulu Muar. He d. after 1869, having had issue, two sons and two daughters:
- a) Y.A.M. Tunku Umar bin Tunku Alang Husain, Tunku Muda of Serting (s/o Uban). He had issue, a son:
  - i) Y.A.M. Tunku Muhammad bin Tunku Muda Umar, Tunku Muda of Serting. He d. 1912.
- b) Y.A.M. Tunku Hassan bin Tunku Alang Husain, Tunku Panglima Besar. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- a) Y.M. Tunku Puan Intan binti Tunku Alang Husain, Tuanku Ampuan. Regent for her infant son 1869-1872. m. Tuanku Nasir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Raja ‘Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan (b. at Sri Menanti, ca. 1823; d. at Sri Menanti, 1861), elder son of Tuanku Raja ‘Ali [Yamtuan Raja Lenggang Laut], Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, by his wife, Raja Ngah binti Raja Hitam, daughter of Raja Hitam, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan. She had issue, three sons – see below.
- b)Y.M. Tunku Sa’amah binti Tunku Alang Husain, who had issue, a daughter:
  - i) Y.M. Tunku Sarija, who had issue, a daughter:
    - (1) Y.M. Tunku Tia, who had issue, a daughter:
      - (a) Y.M. Tunku Chik, Tuanku Ampuan. m. as his first wife, Colonel H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Antah, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, GCMG, KCVO (b. at Sri Menanti, 25^th April 1865; d. at the Istana Besar, Sri Menanti, 1^st August 1933), eldest son of Tuanku Antah ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Nasir ud-din, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Sri Menanti, by his first wife, Cik Halima, Encik Puan Besar. She d. 5^th May 1901, having had issue, one son – see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tengku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam, Tunku Besar (s/o Jingka). He had issue, one son and one daughter:
- a) Y.A.M. Tunku Yahya [Jaya] bin Tunku Ibrahim, Tunku Muda. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- a) Y.M. Tunku Ra’afah binti Tunku Ibrahim.
3) Y.A.M. Tunku Alwi ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam (s/o Jingka).
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Puan Ngah binti al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam, Tuanku Ampuan (d/o Jingka). m. ca. 1824, Tuanku Raja ‘Ali [Yamtuan Raja Lenggang Laut], Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan (d. at Sri Menanti, 1824, bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), son of Daulat Yang di-Pertuan Malenggang Alam [Yamtuan Raja Nara I], of Minangkabau, Sumatra, by his wife, Putri Rina Indunsari, daughter of Yamtuan Raja Balambang I. She had issue, two sons – see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Puteh binti al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam (d/o Y.M. Tunku Sulung). m. Y.M. Raja ‘Abdu’l Rahman [Aman], Daeng Alampaki, half-brother of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Saleh ud-din, Sultan of Selangor. She had issue, a son:
- a) Y.M. Raja ‘Ali bin Daeng Alampaki, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Ali Shah ibni al-Marhum Daeng Alampaki, Yang di-Pertuan Muda – see Malaysia (Tampin). Copyright© Christopher Buyers
3) Y.A.M. Tunku Putok binti al-Marhum Tuanku Hitam (d/o Aisha). m. a commoner, and had issue, two daughters:
- a) Cik Torok. m. ca. 1824, Y.A.M. Yamtuan Pandak, Raja Beringan (d. at Kampong Tengah, near Sri Menanti, after 1861), a Minankabau prince from Sumatra who served as Regent for Raja Radin ca. 1823-1824, youngest son of Tuanku Yang di-Pertuan Bawang, Raja Alam of Minangkabau, by his wife, Putri Ratna Intan. She had issue, four sons and one daughter - see Indonesia (Minankabau)
- b) Cik Tabih.

1808 – 1824 H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja ‘Ali [Yamtuan Raja Lenggang Laut], Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, son of Daulat Yang di-Pertuan Malenggang Alam [Yamtuan Raja Nara I], of Minangkabau, Sumatra, by his wife, Putri Rina Indunsari, sister of H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja Hitam, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan. Sent by the Raja of Pagaruyung at the invitation of the Minangkabau nobles of Negri Sembilan. Elected and installed at Penajis, by the Undang Lauts of the federation, 1808. m. (first) .... m. (second) H.H. Tunku Puan Ngah binti al-Marhum Raja Hitam, Tuanku Ampuan, daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja Hitam, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, by his second wife, Cik Jingka, Cik Puan Besar. He d. at Sri Menanti, 1824 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue, two sons:

1) Y.A.M. Tengku Radin [Raja Radin Sunnah], who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Nasir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Raja ‘Ali, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan (s/o Ngah) – see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Ulin [Raja Ujong], Tunku Besar, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Imam ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Raja ‘Ali (s/o Ngah) – see below.

1824 – 1826 Interregnum with “Raja Kerjan” (i.e. Raja Kerajan, or prince of the state) as self-appointed regent from Pagarruyong. He was forced to flee into exile in Pahang in 1832, thence removed to Muar. He was k. at Segamat, Muar, before 30^th August 1844.

1826 - 1831 H.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Raja Labuh, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, grandson (according to his credentials, not son) of the Yang di-Pertuan of Pagaruyung – see Newbold pp 85-86. Sent by the Kalifatu’llah Yang di-Pertuan Sakti of Minangkabau at the invitation of a party of the Minangkabau nobles of Negri Sembilan, 1826. Deposed and expelled by the Undang Lauts for his association with Raja Kerjan, 30^th November 1831. Went into exile to Malacca and finally crossed over the straits to Telapak Burok in Siak in 1832. m. at Sungai Ujong, 1828, Y.M. Tunku Hitam binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah, widow of Y.M. TunkuiSeh, and younger daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Adil, Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Rembau. He had issue, several children.

continued on the next page.

NEGRI SEMBILAN 1	NEGRI SEMBILAN 3
NEGRI SEMBILAN 4	NEGRI SEMBILAN 5
NEGRI SEMBILAN 6	NEGRI SEMBILAN 7
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