KEDAH

GENEALOGY

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1688 - 1698 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din al-Mukarram Shah [Al-Marhum Bukit Pinang al-Awwal], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, eldest son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Zia ud-din al-Mukarram Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his second wife, Che’ Sepa Chandra, educ. privately. Became Regent for his aged father, 1682. Succeeded on the death of his father, 1^st May 1688. Removed his capital to Kota Bukit Pinang. m. Tunku Maheran. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Bukit Penang, 17^th November 1698 (bur. there), having had issue, three sons and one daughter:

1) Y.A.M. Tunku ‘Abdu’llah, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o Tunku Maheran) – see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Raja Muda, of Kota Limbang. He d. at the Istana, Kota Limbong, ca. 1710 (bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kota Langgar, Alor Star), having had issue, a son:

a) Y.M. Tunku …bin Tunku Ibrahim. He had issue, a son:

i) Y.M. Tunku ‘Abdu’l Rahman. m. Y.A.M. Tunku Rahima binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah, daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah II Khalifat ul-Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his second wife, H.H. Tengku Putri, Tunku Permaisuri. He had issue:

(1) Y.M. Tunku Muhammad Said bin Tunku ‘Abdu’l Rahman.
(2) H.H. Tunku Anum bin Tunku ‘Abdu’l Rahman, Tunku Sri Paduka Raja (s/o Tunku Rahima). b. 1790, educ. privately. Governor of Jambangan Augsut 1809. Appointed as Governor of Kedah by the Siamese in 1839. They divided Kedah into four parts in 1841, and he became Maharaja of the State of Kubang Pasu Dar ul-Qiyam with the title of Phaya Kubang Pasu. Established his capital at Kota Pulau Pisang. He d. at Istana Kota Pulau Pisang, Kubang Pasu, 29^th May 1853 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery, Pekan Tunjang), having had issue, two sons:
(a) Y.M. Tunku Muhammad bin Tunku Anum, Tunku Seri Paduka Raja. He d.v.p. at Istana Kota Pulau Pisang, Kubang Pasu, 7^th March 1848 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery, Pekan Tunjang), having had issue, one son and one daughter:

(i) H.H. Tunku Haji Ishak bin Tunku Muhammad. Succeeded his grandfather as Governor of the State of Kubang Pasu Dar ul-Qiyam with the title of Phaya Kubang Pasu from 31^st May 1853. Forced to yield control over the region to Sultan Ahmad Taj ud-din Mukarram Shah III, 10^th November 1864. Royal Adviser on Religious Affairs and Malay Customs. m. Y.M. Tunku Rogam binti al-Marhum Tunku Bisnu, daughter of H.H. Tunku Bisnu ibni al-Marhum ‘Abdu’llah al-Mukarram Shah, Tunku Sri Raja Varman, of Setul. He d. at Istana Kota Pulau Pisang, Kubang Pasu, 1871 (bur. Muslim Cemetery, Banana Island Mosque) (survived by four wives and ten children).
(i) Y.M. Tunku Zaliha binti Tunku Muhammad. m. Y.M. Sayyid Abu Bakar bin Sayyid Idrus. Copyright©Christopher Buyers

(b) Y.M. Tunku Midah binti Tunku Anum. m. H.H. Tunku Merah, Tunku Sri Paduka Maha Mantri (d. at Kota Pulau Pisang, Kubang Pasu, 25 May 1849, bur. there at the Royal Cemetery, Pekan Tunjang). She had issue, one son and one daughter:

(i) H.H. Tunku Muhammad Saman bin Tunku Merah, Raja Muda of Kubang Pasu from 31^st May 1853. m. Puan Sharifa Maimuna ibni al-Marhum Sayyid Husain Jamal ul-Lail, seventh daughter of Tuan Sayyid Husain Jamal ul-Lail ibni al-Marhum Sayyid Harun Jamal ul-Lail, Raja of Perlis. He had issue, a son:

1. Y.M. Tunku Muhammad ‘Ali bin Tunku Muhammad Saman. He had issue, a son:

a. Y.M. Tunku Idris bin Tunku Muhammad ‘Ali. He had issue, a son:

i. Y.M. Tunku Haji Baharum bin Tunku Idris. He had issue, a son:

1a. Y.M. Tunku Dato’ Bahadur bin Tunku Haji Baharum. Lecturer in linguistics, retd as Head of Malay Studies Dept at the Special Teachers' Training Inst in Kuala Lumpur. m. Y.M. Datin Sharifa Shamsiah binti Sayyid Hashim, daughter of Sayyid Hashim bin Sayyid Idrus Jamal ul-Lail, of Perlis. He had issue:

1b. Y.M. Dato’ Tengku Bahar ud-din bin Tengku Dato’ Bahadur. Mbr Trengannu Regency Council. YDPs Representative & Mbr Negri Sembilan Islamic Council (MAINS) since 2012. Dir Liberty Triangle Sdn Bhd. Rcvd: DSMZ (21.7.2003). m. at Istana Maziah, Kuala Terengganu, 19^th January 1973, Y.M. To’ Puan Tengku Putri Khadija binti Tengku Besar Mahmud, daughter of Captain Y.A.M. Tengku Besar Mahmud ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal-Abidin, Tengku Sri Utama Raja, of Terengganu, by his second wife, Y. Bhg. To’ Puan Hajjah Zain un-Mariam binti Haji Su Mahmud, daughter of Haji Su Mahmud bin Dato’ Sri Amar di-Raja Haji Ngah Muhammad, sometime DO of Kuala Berang. He has issue, two sons and one daughter:

1c. Y.M. Tengku Bahar Idris bin Dato’ Tengku Bahar ud-din [Badris]. b. 1978, educ. Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville (BA Visual Anthropology 2001), Virginia, USA. Photographer with newspapers in Virginia and Texas, and Dharmsala, India 2003-2004, Photo Co-ordinator & Publication Officer Malaysian Medical Relief Society (MERCY Malaysia) 2004, joined Agence France Press (AFP) GmbH 2004, Photo journalist 2004-2005, Chief Photographer Kuala Lumpur 2005-2008, Photo Editor South Asia Photo Desk in New Delhi 2008, News Editor 2013. Mbr Foreign Correspondents’ Club of South Asia. m. at Staffield Country Resort, Mantin, Negri Sembilan, 11^th January 2014, Che’ Puan Maya binti ‘Abdu’llah (b. 1980), educ. Bates Coll (BA 2003), Lewiston, Maine, USA, and The Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese & American Studies (HNC), Nanking, China, Tax Consultant with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu in Shanghai 2003-2004, and Hong Kong 2004-2006, Sales Mngr with Canon in HK 2006-2008, Mngr (Business Development) Canon India Pvt Ltd in New Delhi 2008, transf to HR Dept, nee Mayuko Yoshida.Copyright©Christopher Buyers
2c. Y.M. Tengku Ahmad Ridhwan ud-din bin Dato’ Tengku Bahar ud-din [Nuddin]. b. 5^th February 198x, educ. United Engineers Malaysia (UEM) Foundation Coll, Univ of Melbourne (B. Geomatic Eng. Hons. 2011), Victoria, Australia. Surveyor & Spatial Analyst with Think Spatial 2010-2012, Teaching Assist & Tutor in Geomatics, Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012, Attache Dept of Sustainability & Environment Victoria 2012. m. 16^th August 2014, Wan Nur Kamilah.
1c. Y.M. Tengku Sarah Rahayu binti Dato’ Tengku Bahar ud-din. m. Encik Muhamad Tarmizi bin Ibrahim. She has issue, one child.

2b. Y.M. Tengku Bahar Iskandar Bahador. Dir Oilvest Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd.
1b. Y.A.M. Tunku Dato’ Sri Nur ul-Hayati binti Tunku Dato’ Bahadur, Tunku Puan Muda. b. March 19xx. Styled Her Royal Highness 16^th April 1994 to 24^th April 1999. Dir Oilvest Engineering (M) Sdn Bhd. m. Y.A.M. Tunku Dato’ Sri Utama Naquiy ud-din bin Tuanku Ja’afar al-Haj, Tunku Laksamana (b. at Sri Menanti, 8^th March 1947), eldest son of Colonel H.R.H. Paduka Sri Tuanku Ja’afar ibni al-Marhum Tuanku ‘Abdu’l Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan, GCB, by his wife, H.R.H. Tunku Najiha binti Tunku Besar Burhan ud-din, Tuanku Ampuan, third daughter of Y.A.M. Tunku Burhan ud-din ibni al-Marhum Tuanku Antah, Tunku Besar, CMG. She has issue, two sons and two daughters - see Malaysia (Negri Sembilan).

(ii) Y.M. Tunku Jahara binti Tunku Merah. m. Y.M. Tunku Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Tunku Muhammad Akib, son of Y.M. Tunku Muhammad Akib ibni al-Marhum Tunku Bisnu, sometime Governor of Setul - see below.

(3) Y.M. Tunku …, who had issue, a son:

(a) Y.M. Tunku Hassan. A merchant in Penang. Deputy Governor of Kedah 1839-1841. He d. at Kubang Pasu, 1842.

3) Y.A.M. Tunku Bahar ud-din ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah.
4) Y.A.M. Tunku Nambang ibni al-Marhum Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah (half-brother of Sultan Jiwa). He fled to Perak in 1762, claiming to be the rightful ruler of Kedah. Although he made a bid for the throne with Selangor support, he was forced to retreat back to Perak in 1765 where he was maintained by the Perak Sultan. He later joined Tengku Long Putra at Bernam in 1780. He d. before 12^th September 1786.
5) ?Y.A.M. Tengku Long Dewa. He rebelled against the Sultan when the Heir Apparent was absent in Selangor, but was defeated on his return and forced to flee 1767. In December 1767 his ‘next to kin’ called “Cahu Meer” appeared in Perak. He d. before 12^th September 1786. Copyright©Christopher Buyers
6) Y.A.M. Tunku Muhammad Jiwa, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah II Khalifat ul-Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman – see below.
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Latifa binti al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah. m. Y.M. Tunku Ishak, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa, grandson of Y.M. Tunku Sulaiman bin Tunku Muhammad Akib, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa, of Kota Giam. She had issue - see above.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku ... binti al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah. m. ca 1760, Sayyid Muhammad Jarr (sic – see Miller’s account of his captivity in Kedah 1759-1761).

1698 – 1706 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah [Al-Marhum Bukit Pinang al-Thani], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, younger son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Tengku Maheran, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Muda, on the death of his elder brother, 1678. Succeeded on the death of his father, 17^th November 1698. m. (first) Wan Nang Mas, Che’ Puan Paduka Bonda. m. (second) … He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Bukit Pinang, 22^nd September 1706 (bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kota Langgar, Alor Star), having had issue, two sons and one daughter by his first wife:

1) ?Y.A.M. Tunku Muhammad Jiwa (s/o Wan Nang Mas).
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Ahmad Taj ud-din, Raja Muda, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Taj ud-din Halim Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'llah al-Mu'azzam Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o Wan Nang Mas) - see below.
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Aisha binti al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'llah al-Mu'azzam Shah (d/o Wan Nang Mas). m. at Kota Bukit Pinang, Kedah, 1723, as his fourth wife, Opu Daeng Parani (k. by a cannon-ball at Kedah, 1723), eldest son of Opu Ten-ri Burang Daeng Rilaga, by his first wife. She had issue, an only daughter - see Indonesia (Riau).

1706 – 1710 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Taj ud-din Halim Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah [Al-Marhum Bukit Pinang al-Thani], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, younger son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his principal wife, Wan Nang Mas, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Muda, after his elder brother had left for Sumatra. Proclaimed Sultan by the nobles following the death of his father, 22^nd September 1706. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Bukit Pinang, 15^th February 1710 (bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kota Langgar, Alor Star).

1710 – 1778 H.H. al-Azizzu ul-Mulk al-Qadir al-Ghalib Ghahr al-Maghlub, us-Sultan Khalifatu’llah ‘Ala Da’irah Kedah, Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah II Khalifat ul-Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah [Al-Marhum Kota Star al-Awwal], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman*. b. ca. 1699, elder son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his principal wife, Wan Nang Mas, educ. privately. Went on pilgrimage to Jambi and Palembang, where he met the Arab religious teacher Shaikh Abdul Jalil, then journeyed with him to Java and India. Proclaimed on the death of his nephew, 15^th February 1710. Returned to the mainland from his exile in Langkawi and formally installed at the Balai Penghadapan, Istana Bukit Pinang, May 1710. Transferred his capital to Alor Star in 20^th December 1735. Accepted Burmese suzerainty after the sack of Ayudhya in 1767, but submitted tribute to avoid a Siamese invasion by Thaksin in 1769. Fled to Kangar, in Perlis, when the Bugis invaded and took Kuala Kedah Fort in March 1771. He appealed to the British for help and signed a contract of alliance with Edward Monckton, 20^th April 1772 (repudiated July 1772). m. (first) Nang Che’ Puan Paduka Bonda** (bur. Langgar), a commoner, probably of Bugis descent. m. (second) ca 1749, H.H. Tunku Putri, Raja Permaisuri, daughter of Y.M. Tunku Ishak, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa, by his wife, Y.A.M. Tunku Latifa binti al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah, Sultan of Kedah. m. (third) a commoner. m. (fourth) another commoner. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Alor Star, 23^rd September 1778 (bur. Kota Star Cemetery), having had issue, four sons and two daughters:

1) Y.A.M. Tunku Long Putra Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah [Tok Ku Long Putera]*** (s/o Nang Che’ Puan), educ. privately. Granted powers over all matters relating to the land and thus entitled Raja Tanah (lord of the land). He became disaffected with his father after the appointment of his half-brother ‘Abdu’llah as Heir Apparent, left Kedah and joined the Selangor party and served with them in the Kedah-Bugis War of 1770-1771. Fled to Merbok, then to Larut before settling at Bernam in April 1772. There he lived in some state, being able to dispatch a mission to the Sultan of Perak in 1779, consisting of ten ships, including manned galleys with amazons. He eventually settled in Jambi, in Sumatra. m. (second or third) a daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Sri ing Alaga ‘Abdu’l Rahman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Anum Sri ing Alaga ‘Abdu’l Mahji Muhammad Shafi, Sultan of Jambi. He d. before 12^th September 1786, having had issue, including two sons and a daughter:

a) Y.M. Tunku Unga Bendang bin Tunku Long Putra [Tunku Engah]. b. in Kedah. Settled in Bernam in 1772. Allowed to open a new settlement at Beruas by the sultan of Perak 8^th July 1780, but later left for Prai in Kedah territory shortly afterwards, where he was captured and imprisoned. He was k. while in custody, on the orders of the Kedah Sultan, before 22^nd February 1781, having had issue, a son:

b) Y.M. Tunku Bisnu bin Tunku Long Putra. b. in Kedah. Allowed to open a new settlement at Bruas by the sultan of Perak 8^th July 1780. He d. before 12^th September 1786.
a) A daughter, betrothed March 1780, H.H. Maulana Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Ahmad ud-din Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah Aminu’llah [al-Marhum Bongsu], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Perak (d. at Chegar Galah, 1806, bur. Kota Kanan, Parit), youngest son of H.H. Maulana Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Muhammad Shah Aminu’llah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Perak. Copyright©Christopher Buyers

2) Y.A.M. Tunku Mangku Putra ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah [Tok Ku Mangku Putera], Tunku Anjang Sri Maharaja Durga Senggara (s/o Nang Che’ Puan), educ. privately. Granted Tongkah, Trang, Kupa and Rundung in fief with extensive powers over all matters relating to the waters, rivers and sea and thus entitled Raja Laut (lord of the sea), at Kota Kuala, 10^th October 1757. He joined the Selangor party along with his elder brother and served with them in the Kedah-Bugis War of 1770-1771. Settled at Bernam in September 1772 and later removed to Padang, in Pariaman, Sumatra. He d. before 12^th September 1786, having had issue:

a) Y.M. Tunku Chik binti Tunku Mangku Putra [Chu Che] [Ku Chik]. m. at Bernam, before September 1772, H.M. Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Saleh ud-din, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Selangor (b. ca. 1736), eldest son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Saleh ud-din Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Chelak, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Selangor, by his first wife, the Engku Puan, a younger daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Ala ud-din Ri’ayat Shah bin Daeng Rilaga, Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Riau. She had issue, nineteen children – see Malaysia (Selangor). Copyright©Christopher Buyers

3) Y.A.M. Tunku ‘Abdu’llah, Yang di-Pertuan Muda, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mukarram Shah ibni al- Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o the third wife) – see below.
4) Y.A.M. Tunku Zia ud-din [Tunku Dewa], Raja Muda, of Indira Kayang [Perlis], who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o the fourth wife) – see below.
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Rahima binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah (d/o Tunku Putri). m. Y.M. Tunku ‘Abdu’l Rahman, grandson of H.H. Tunku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah, Raja Muda, of Kota Limbang. She had issue, a son – see above.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku … binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah (full sister of Abdullah) (d/o the third wife). m. before 1773, Y.M. Tunku Umar ibn Muhammad Taha, Raja of Chena [Chenaka], the Governor of Chera [Tana], in Patani. She had issue, a daughter:

a) Y.M. Tunku Kunit binti Tunku Raja Chena.

3) Y.A.M. Tunku Dayang binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah (d/o Nang Che’ Puan).

* There are at least three seal impressions for this ruler which survive. Although partly illegible, the first dates from 1757 and gives his parentage as “ibni al-Sultan Muhammad Shah ”. The second dates from 1777 and says “Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-’Adilan Mu’azzam Shah ibni Muhammad” The third seal is undated and says “Muhammad Jiwa bin Ata’ullah”. They suggest that he was the son of Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah II (died 17^th November 1698) rather than Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah, as related in the state history and royal genealogies. Perhaps one possibility may be that he was actually a posthumous son of Sultan Atau’llah Muhammad Shah II, unable to complete the burial customs for his father and thus assume power at his father's death. Consequently, he may have been raised by Sultan ‘Abdu’llah al-Mu’azzam Shah and subsequently succeeded after his son's death. This may provide the explanation for the several rebellions throughout his reign, by various members of his family, who may have regarded his title to the crown as invalid according to certain tenets of Muslim property law or family customs.

** One source idenifies this lady with Nang Che Puan, whose grave has been found at TDC Alor Star, Bangunan Mahkamah Lama.

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