1136 - 1179 Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah I, Sultan of Kedah. Styled Phra Ong Mahawangsa by the Siamese. Styled Sri Paduka Maharaja Durbar Raja before his accession. The first ruler of Kedah to embrace Islam. He d. 27th July 1179, having had issue, three sons:
2) Tunku Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mudzaffar Shah, Raja Muda.
3) Tunku Sulaiman Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mudzaffar Shah, Tunku Laksamana. Governor of Langkapuri.
1179 - 1202 Sultan Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mudzaffar Shah, Sultan of Kedah. He d. at Kota Bukit Mariam, 10th May 1202, having had issue, two sons and one daughter:
1) Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mu'azzam Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
2) Tunku Maheran ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mu'azzam Shah.
1) Tunku Putri binti al-Marhum Sultan Mu'azzam Shah.
1202 - 1237 Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mu'azzam Shah, Sultan of Kedah. He d. at the Istana, Kota Bukit Mariam, 23rd October 1237 (bur. there), having had issue, one son and one daughter:
3) Paduka Sri Sultan Muzzil Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
1237 - 1280 Paduka Sri Sultan Muzzil Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 23rd October 1237. Established his capital at Kota Sungai Mas. He d. at the Istana Baignda, Kota Sungai Mas, 24th August 1280 (bur. there), having had issue, two sons:
1) Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzzil Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
2) Tunku Ahmad ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzzil Shah, Raja Muda, of Kota Sungai Mas. Granted Kota Sungai Mas as his fief, ca. May 1323. He d. at Kota Sungai Mas, after 1323.
1280 - 1321 Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzzil Shah, Sultan of Kedah, elder son of Paduka Sri Sultan Muzzil Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 24th August 1280. m. Tunku Aisha, Raja Permaisuri. He d. at the Istana, Kota Sungai Mas, 22nd May 1321 (bur. there), having had issue, two sons and one daughter:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
1) Tunku Putri Zubaida binti al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah. m. Sultan Ahmad Bahian Shah Malik uz-Zahir ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Malik uz-Zahir, Sultan of Samudra Pasir (d. 1349), son of Sultan Muhammad Malik uz-Zahir ibni al-Marhum Sultan Malik us-Saleh, Pembangun and Raja Pertama of Samudra Pasir. She had issue, at least one son and one daughter.
1321 - 1373 Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Kedah, elder son of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzzil Shah, Sultan of Kedah, by his wife, Tunku Aisha, Raja Permaisuri, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 22nd May 1321. Established his capital at Kota Seputih, May 1323. m. Tunku Mala, Raja Permaisuri. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Seputih, 9th August 1373 (bur. there), having had issue, two sons:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
1373 - 1423 Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Kedah, elder son of Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Kedah, by his wife, Tunku Mala, Raja Permaisuri, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 9th August 1373. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Seputih, 2nd August 1423 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue, including three sons:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
2) Tunku Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Raja Muda of Kota Sungai Mas. He had issue:
(1) Tunku Ismail. m. Tunku Nur Aisha ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin, Sultan of Kedah, by his wife, Che' Larasari, Paduka Bonda.
3) Tunku Muhammad Jiwa ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah.
1423 - 1473 Paduka Sri Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Kedah, eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Kedah, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 2nd August 1423. m. (first) Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, a commoner. m. (second) Tengku Permaisuri. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Seputih, 22nd January 1473 (bur there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue two sons and two daughters:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Azlan I Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ata 'Allah Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah (s/o the Che' Puan) - see below.
2) Tunku 'Usman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa (s/o the Tengku Permaisuri). Granted the rank and title of Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa by his brother. He d. after 1547, havin had issue, a son:
a) Tunku Muhammad Sa'ad bin Tunku 'Usman, Raja Temenggong Anggota Desa. m. Tunku Kutam binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin, daughter of his paternal uncle, Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Azlan I Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah.
2) Tunku Pok binti al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah (d/o the Che' Puan).
1473 - 1506 Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Azlan I Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah, eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Kedah, by his first wife, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 22nd January 1473. m. Tunku Mariam. He d. at Istana Baginda, Kota Siputih, 15th June 1506 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue one son and one daughter:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin, Sultan of Kedah - see below.
1) Tunku Kutam binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin. m. Tunku Muhammad Sa'ad bin Tunku 'Usman, Raja Temenggong Anggota Desa, son of her paternal uncle, Tunku 'Usman ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Tunku Sri Paduka Maharaja Surya - see above.
1506 - 1547 Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, son of Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Azlan I Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah, by his wife, Tunku Mariam, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 15th June 1506. He chaned the name of his realm to Kedah Dar ul-Aman, established a stable currency and encouraged trade. m. Che' Larasari, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, a commoner. He d. at Istana Baginda, Kota Siputih, 15th January 1547 (bur. there at the Royal Cemetery), having had issue, one son and one daughter:
2) Tunku Nur Aisha binti al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah. m. Y.M. Tunku Ismail, greatgrandchild of Tunku Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Raja Muda of Kota Sungai Mas - see above.
1547 - 1602 Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, elder son of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal-Abidin, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Che' Larasari, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 15th January 1547. m. (first) Che' Tempawan. He d. 3rd August 1602 (bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kota Siputih), having had issue, one son and one daughter:
1) Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman - see below.
1602 - 1626 Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, son of Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Che' Tempawan, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 3rd August 1602. Defeated by Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam and carried away to Aceh after the conquest of Kedah in 1619. m. (first) Che' Ratnamala, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda. m. (second) a lady from Siputih. He d. at Aceh, 28th February 1626, having had issue, one son and one daughter by his first wife, and two dauhters by his second wife:
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Rizal ud-din, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o Che' Ratnamala) - see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Zulikha binti al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah [Putri Lindunan Bulan] (d/o the second wife) (bur. at the Royal Cemetery, Kota Siputih).
3) Y.A.M. Tunku Mariyam binti al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah [Putri Bintang Kejora] (d/o the second wife).
1626 - 1652 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah [Al Marhum Kota Naga], Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, son of Sultan Sulaiman Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his first wife, Che' Ratnamala, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, educ. privately. Assumed the regency when his father was carried off to Aceh in 1619. Appealed for help from the King of Siam, in an attempt to counter Acehnese hegemony. Succeeded as full Sultan on his death, 28th February 1626. Removed his capital to Kota Naga in August 1626. He entered into diplomatic relations with the Dutch at Batavia. m. Wan Fatima [Timah] binti Dato' Maharaja, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Naga, 4th October 1652, having had issue, two sons and one daughter:
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Muhi ud-din, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o Wan 'Timah) - see below.
2) Y.A.M. Tunku Pangeran ibni al-Marhum Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah, Raja Muda of Kota Naga. Appointed as Heir Apparent with the title of Raja Muda, by his elder brother, 1652. He d. at Kota Naga, 1678.
a) Y.M. Tunku Sulaiman bin Tunku Muhammad Akib, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa, of Kota Giam [Kubang Pasu]. He had issue:
i) Y.M. Tunku …bin Tunku Sulaiman, who had issue, a son:
(1) Y.M. Tunku Ishak, Tunku Paduka Maharaja Temenggong Anggota Desa. m. Y.A.M. Tunku Latifa binti al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, daughter of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Tunku Maheran. He had issue, two daughters:
(a) H.H. Tunku Masuna binti Tunku Ishak. m. at Kedah, December 1722, as his third wife, H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'l Jalil Rahmad Shah Zilu'llah fil'Alam Khalifat ul-Mu'minin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Siak (b. at Singapore, ca. 1700; d. at Buantan 1746), putative posthumous son of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah, Sultan of Johor, by Inche' Apung, a lady-in-waiting, and daughter of the Dato Laksamana of Johor. She had issue - see Indonesia (Siak).
(b) H.H. Tunku Putri binti Tunku Ishak, Tunku Permaisuri. m. H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zain al-Azlan Mu'azzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Abdu'llah al-Mu'azzam Shah [Al-Marhum Kota Star al-Awwal], Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (d. at the Istana Baginda, Alor Star, 23rd September 1778 (bur. Kota Star Cemetery), elder son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan 'Abdu'llah al-Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his principal wife, Wan Nang Mas, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda. She had issue, one son and one daughter - see below.
a) Y.M. Tunku Jahara binti Tunku Muhammad Akib.
1652 - 1662 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah [Al-Marhum Sena], Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, eldest son of Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Wan Fatima binti Dato' Maharaja, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 4th October 1652. Established his capital at Kota Sena in 1654. Accepted Siamese sovereinty and dispatched the first "Bunga Mas" in September 1660. m. Wan Sara, daughter of the Dato' Sri Paduka Maha Mantri. He d. at the Istana Bainda, Kota Sena, 4th January 1662 (bur. there), having had issue one son and one daughter:
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Zia ud-din, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman - see below.
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Zamzam binti al-Marhum Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah.
1662 - 1688 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah [Al-Marhum Kayang al-Awwal], Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhi ud-din Mansur Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Rizal ud-din Muhammad Shah, Sultan of Kedah Dar ul-Aman, by his wife, Wan Sara binti Dato' Sri Paduka Maha Mantri, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his father, 4th January 1662. Established his capital at Wai, in Perlis, which he named Kota Indira Kayangan in August 1664.Accepted Siamese sovereinty and dispatched the first "Bunga Mas" in January 1674. m. (first) Wan Jingga, Che' PuanPaduka Bonda, daughter of the Dato' Sri Paduka Tuan. m. (second) Che' Sepa Chandra [Sepa Cendera], of Bukit Pinang. He d. at the Istana Baginda, Kota Indira Kayangan, 1st May 1688 (bur. there), having had issue, including one son and one daughter:
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Atau'llah, who succeeded as H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Atau'llah Muhammad Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Kedah Dar ul-Aman (s/o Che' Sepa Chandra) - see below.
1) Y.A.M. Tunku Safura Negara binti al-Marhum Sultan Zia ud-din Mukarram Shah [Sepora] (d/o Wan Jingga). Granted Indira Kayangan (Perlis) in joint fief with her husband. m. before 1664, Raja Juang Tawa [Wangtawa] (d. at Kota Indira Kayangan, 1678), son of a Bugis Prince from Makassar. She d. after 1688, having had issue, a son:
a) Y.M. Tunku Ngah Putra bin Raja Juang Tawa. b. ca. 1661. Opposed the reency of his uncle, 1682. Entered in league with the Bugis in February 1687. m. at Jeram, Selangor, 1688, a Bugis lady? He had issue, two sons.
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