HIJAZ
Al-Hashimi Dynasty
GENEALOGY
1908-1916 and 1916-1924 Al Munquiz Al A'zam H.M. Hussein ibn 'Ali, Caliph al-Islam, King of the Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca, GCB (c 11.3.1920). b. at Constantinople, Turkey, 1854, eldest son of Sharif 'Ali bin Muhammad, by his wife, Salha, educ. privately at Constantinople. Mbr. Turkish Cncl. of State 1891. Appointed by the Sultan of Turkey as Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca 29th October 1908. Proclaimed the Arab Revolt at Mecca, Taif, Jeddah and other towns 10th June 1916. Deposed as Grand Sharif and Amir by the Sultan of Turkey 1st July 1916. Proclaimed the independence of the Arabs 29th October 1916. Proclaimed at the Holy Mosque, Mecca as Malik al-Bilad al-'Arabiyya and Amir al-Mumenin (King of the Arabs and Commander of the Faithful) and assumed the style of His Majesty, 2nd November 1916. Recognised by the allied powers only as King of the Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca, 6th November 1916 (confirmed in public 3rd January 1917). Founded the Orders of the Renaissance in 1917 and Independence in 1921. Proclaimed as Caliph al-Islam, 7th March 1924. Abdicated the temporal crown in favour of his eldest son, 3rd October 1924. Rcvd: the Collar of the Order of Muhammad ‘Ali of Egypt, GC of the Orders of the Legion of Honour of France, and Leopold of Belgium, the Imperial Order of Glory (Atiq Nishan-i-Iftikhar) 1st class (29.10.1908), the Imperial Order of the Osmans (Nishan-i-Osmanieh) 1st class, and the Great Imtiaz Medals in gold and silver of Turkey. m. (first) at Mecca, 1879, Sharifa Abidiya Khanum (d. 1888), eldest daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca. m. (second) Madiha Khanum, a Circassian. m. (third) 1882, Sharifa Khadija Khanum (b. 1866; d. at Amman, Jordan, 4th July 1921), daughter of daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca. m. (fourth) 1895, H.M. Queen Adila Khanum (b. at Constantinople, Turkey, 1879; d. at Larnaca, Cyprus, 12th July 1929, bur. there at the Hala Sultan (Umm Haram) Tekke), daughter of Salah Bey, and grand-daughter of H.H. Mustafa Rashid Pasha, sometime Grand Vizier of Turkey. He d. at Amman, Jordan, 4th June 1931 (bur. outside the western wall of the Haram as-Sharif, Jerusalem), having had issue, five sons and three daughters:
- 1) H.M. 'Ali ibn Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca (s/o Abdiya) - see below.
- 2) Sharif Hasan bin Hussein (s/o Abdiya). He d. young. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- 3) H.M. King 'Abdu'llah I, King of the Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan (s/o Abidiya) - see Jordan.
- 4) H.M. Faisal I, King of Iraq (s/o Abdiya) - see Iraq. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- 5) H.R.H. Prince Zeid, Head of the Royal House of Iraq (s/o Adila) - see Iraq.
- 1) H.R.H. Princess Saliha. b. at Stinia Palace, Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, before 1896 (d/o Madiha). m. 'Abdu'llah bin Muhammad Pasha. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- 2) H.R.H. Princess Fatima. b. at Stinia Palace, Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 18xx (d/o Abdiya). m. a European. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- 3) H.R.H. Princess Sara. b. at Stinia Palace, Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 1898 (d/o Adila). m. at Istanbul, Turkey, July 1933 (div. September 1933), H.E. Sayyid Muhammad Atta Beg Amin, CVO (20.6.1933) (b. at Baghdad, Iraq, 15th December 1897), First Sec. London 1932-1933, Dir-Gen. Foreign Affairs 1933-1934, First Sec. Rome 1934-1935, Counsellor London 1935-1938 and 1939-1940, chargé d'affaires Paris 1938, Berlin 1939, and London 1940, Iraqi Envoy Ext. and Min. Plen. to Turkey 1944-1949 and France 1949-1952, son of Muhammad Atta Pasha, Governor of Iskanderum.
1924 - 1925 H.M. 'Ali ibn Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca, GBE (m11.3.1920). b. at Mecca, 1879, eldest son of H.M. Hussein ibn 'Ali, Caliph al-Islam, King of the Hijaz, Commander of the Faithful, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca, GCB, by his first wife, Sharifa Abidiya Khanum, eldest daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'llah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca, educ. at Ghalata Serai Coll., Constantinople. Joined his father in the Arab Revolt against Turkish rule and served as C-in-C of the Harb Army 1915-1916, Cdr. Arab Southern Army 1916-1919, Grand Vizier of the Hijaz 1916-1924, and C-in-C Arab Hijaz Army 1919-1924. Succeeded on the abdication of his father, 3rd October 1924. Forced to abdicate when the forces of ibn Saud overran the Hijaz, 19th December 1925. Went into exile in Baghdad. Served as Regent of Transjordan during the absence of King 'Abdu'llah on several occasions. Rcvd: GC of the Orders of the Renaissance (1917) and Independence (1921), the Ma'an Medal (1918), and Medal of Independence (1921) of the Hijaz, the Grand Order of the Hashimites (1932), and the Orders of Faisal I (1933), and the Two Rivers 1st class of Iraq (1922), GC of the Order of Leopold of Belgium (15.3.1930), etc. m. at Yenikoy, Bosphorus, 1906, as his only wife, H.M. Queen Nafissa Khanum (b. at Constantinople, Turkey, 1886; k. by the military plotters outside the Rihab Palace, Baghdad, Iraq, 14th July 1958), second daughter of H.H. Amir 'Abdu'l-Ilah bin Muhammad Pasha, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca. He d. at Baghdad, Iraq, 13th February 1935 (bur. at the Royal Mausoleum, Adhamiyah), having had issue, one son and four daughters:
- 1) Field Marshal H.R.H. Crown Prince Abd al-Ilah, GCB (c 16.7.1956), GCMG (6.5.1942), GCVO (10.11.1943). b. at Taif, Arabia, 14th November 1913, educ. Victoria Coll., Alexandria. Became Regent of Iraq for his nephew King Faisal II, 6th April 1939. Deposed in a coup d'etat by Rashid 'Ali al-Gaylani 10th April 1941.
Returned to Iraq and resumed his authority 24th May 1941. Appointed as Heir Presumptive and Crown Prince of Iraq with the title of Wali al-Ahd, 10th November 1943. Became Head of the Hashimite Royal House on the death of King 'Abdu'llah I of Jordan, 20th July 1951. The regency was terminated when King Faisal II assumed full ruling powers, 2nd May 1953. Attended the Victory celebrations in London in 1946 and the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II 1953 (rcvd: Coron medal). Field Marshal Royal Iraqi Army and Marshal of the Royal Iraqi Air Force 6/4/1939. Hon Air Commodore RAF 19/8/1943, prom. Hon. Air Vice-Marshal 30/9/1952, and Hon Air Marshal 2/5/1955. Rcvd: the Grand Order of the Hashimites, and the Orders of Faisal I and the Two Rivers 1st class of Iraq, the Collar of the Order of Hussein ibn 'Ali (1949), and GC of the Orders of the Renaissance (special class) and Independence of Jordan, Propitious Clouds of China (special grade) (1945), Polonia Restituta of Poland (27.11.1943), Military Merit of Spain (8.5.1952), the Netherlands Lion (25.4.1953), and Muhammadiya of Morocco (25.5.1956), and Chrysanthemum of Japan (8.11.1957), Chief Cdr. of the Legion of Merit of the USA (1.6.1945), and the King Abdu'l-Aziz Decoration 1st class of Saudi Arabia (2.12.1957). Hon LLD (McGill Univ.). m. (first) November 1936 (div. at Baghdad, August 1940) Melek (b. in Egypt), styled Princess Melek 'Abdu'l-Ilah with the style of Her Royal Highness November 1936 to August 1940, daughter of Salah el-Din Fauzi Bey, and a grand niece of 'Abdu'l-Fattah Yehia Pasha. m. (second) at the Royal Palace, Baghdad, 28th October 1948 (div. 28th November 1950), Faiza al-Tarabulsi (b. 1926), styled Princess Faiza 'Abdu'l-Ilah with the style of Her Royal Highness 28th October 1948 to 28th November 1950, daughter of Brigadier Kamal al-Tarabulsi Bey, Governor of Bohera in Egypt. m. (third) at Baghdad, 24th June 1956, H.R.H. Princess Hiyam 'Abdu'l-Ilah (b. 1933; d. at Amman, Jordan, ca. 1999), daughter of H.E. Muhammad al-Habib, Amir of the Rabia Tribes of Kut and Senator of the Kingdom of Iraq. He was k. (s.p.) by the military plotters outside the Rihab Palace, Baghdad, Iraq, 14th July 1958. Copyright© Christopher Buyers - 1) H.R.H. Princess Khadija Abdiya. b. at Stinia Palace, Yenikoy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 1907. She was k. unm. by the military plotters outside the Rihab Palace, Baghdad, Iraq, 14th July 1958.
- 2) H.R.H. Princess Aliya [H.M. Queen Aliya of Iraq]. b. at Mecca, 1911. m. at Baghdad, 25th January 1934, H.M. Ghazi I, King of Iraq (b. at Mecca, 21st March 1912; d. at Baghdad, Iraq, 4th April 1939), only son of H.M. Faisal I, King of Iraq, GCB, GCMG, Royal Victorian Chain, by his wife H.M. Queen Huzaima, younger twin daughter of H.H. Amir Nasser Pasha. She d. at Baghdad, Iraq, 21st December 1950, having had issue, an only son - see Iraq. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- 3) H.R.H. Princess Badia. b. at Damascus, Syria, June 1920. m. at Baghdad, Iraq, 1949, H.H. Al-Sharif Al-Hussein bin 'Ali Bey (b. 30th September 1918; d. at London, 1st July 1998), second son of H.H. Amir 'Ali Pasha, Grand Sharif and Amir of Mecca. She had issue, three sons - see above.
- 4) H.R.H. Princess Jalila. b. at Mecca, 1923. m. Sharif Dr. Ahmad Hazim Bey, eldest son of Sharif Salim Pasha. She d.s.p. in hospital at Baghdad, Iraq, from burns received from an exploding paraffin stove, 28th December 1955 - see above.