HAITI

DESSALINES

STYLES & TITLES:
The sovereign: by the grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, Emperor of Haiti, with the style of His Majesty.
The wife of the sovereign: Empress of Haiti, with the style of Her Majesty.
The widow of former sovereigns: Princess Dowager.
The sons of the sovereign: Prince (personal name) (family name).
The daughters of the sovereign: Princess (personal name) (family name).

NOBILITY:
None.

RULES OF SUCCESSION:
The Constitution of 20^th May 1805 declared Jean-Jacques Dessalines as Emperor and made the Imperial Dignity non-hereditary. The reigning Emperor enjoyed the right of nominating his successor from the principal general officers of the army commanding the provinces.

ORDERS & DECORATIONS:
None.

GENEALOGY

xxx Duclos, who adopted the name of his proprietor and had issue, at least three sons:

1) Jean-Jacques Dessalines, né Duclos, who ascended the throne as H.I.M. Jacques I, Emperor of Haiti - see below.

2) Louis Dessalines, né Duclos. Adopted the name of Dessalines along with his brothers. He had issue, a son:

a) Maréchal de Camp Monsieur Raymond (Dessalines), Baron de Louis Dessalines (cre. 8^th April 1811). ADC to King Henry I, PC, Sec-Gen. Ministry of War 1811-1820, Mbr. Royal Chamber of Public Instruction 1818-1820. Rcvd: Knt. of the Order of St Henry (1.5.1811). He was k. by the revolutionaries, at Cap-Henry, 10^th October 1820.

3) Joseph Dessalines, né Duclos. Adopted the name of Dessalines along with his brothers. He had issue, a son:

a) Maréchal de Camp Monsieur … (Dessalines), Baron de Joseph Dessalines (cre. 1816), Chamberlain to Prince Jacques-Victor Henry, the Prince Royal of Hayti, Maj. grenadiers de la garde. Rcvd: Knt. of the Order of St Henry (28.10.1815).

1804 - 1806 H.M. Jacques I, by the grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, Emperor of Haiti. b. at Cormier Plantation, Grande Riviere du Nord, 20^th September 1758. Lt-Gen. cdg. Southern and Western divisions 1801-1802, cdt. at Saint Marc 1802, General French Army, Governor of the Southern Provinces, Captain-General of the North 1802-1804. Proclaimed the Independence of Haiti at the Place d'Armes, Gonaïves and assumed the office of Captain-General and Governor-General of Haiti, 1^st January 1804. Proclaimed as Emperor of Haiti, 2^nd September 1804. Enthroned at the Church of Champ-de-Mars, Le Cap by Pere Corneille Brelle, later His Grace Monseigneur the Archbishop of Haiti, Duke de l'Anse, and Grand Almoner to King Henry I, 8^th October 1804. Promulgated the Constitution of Haiti 20^th May 1805. m. at Léogâne, 2^nd April 1800, H.M. Empress Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité (b. at Léogâne, 1758; d. at Ville de l'Indépendance, St Marc, 8^th August 1858, bur. there), Crowned with her husband at the Church of Champ-de-Mars on 8^th October 1804, styled Princess Dowager after 17^th October 1806, daughter of Bonheur Guillaume, by his wife, Marie Élisabeth, née Sainte Lobelot, widow of Pierre Lunic, sometime master-cartwright to the Brothers of Saint-Jean de Dieu. He was k. at Pont-Rouge, 17^th October 1806 (bur. in an unmarked grave at the City Cemetery, Port-au-Prince), having had issue, including:

1) Prince Jacques Bien-Aimé Dessalines. b. at Saint-Marc, 2^nd April 1793 (twin with his sister Célestine) (s/o Marie-Claire). Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents, 2^nd April 1800. He had issue by Adélaïde Appolon, one daughter:
- a) Marie-Françoise Dessalines b. 23^rd December 1832.
2) Louis Dessalines (s/o Marie-Claire). He d. young before 1804?
3) Albert Dessalines (s/o Marie-Claire). He d. young before 1804?
1) Princess Marie Françoise Célimène Dessalines. b. at Saint-Marc, 2^nd October 1789 (d/o Marie-Claire). Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents, 2^nd April 1800. She d. unm. 1859, having had issue, an only and unnamed child by Captain Bernard Chancy (bapt. at Torbeck, Cayes du Fond, 3^rd May 1778; d. by suicide, while in prison at Port-au-Prince, 1^st April 1806), ADC to Toussaint-Louverture, natural son of Geneviève Affiba, wife of Bernard Chancy, elder half-sister of Lieutenant-General H.E. François-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture, Captain-General and Governor-General of Santo Domingo 1801-1803, and daughter of Hyppolite Gaou Guinou, by Marie-Catherine Affiba:
- a) Dessalines Chancy. b. at Saint-Marc, 1806. She had issue, a daughter:
  - i) Mme. Chancy. A companion of her grandmother, the Empress Marie-Claire Heureuse at her death in 1858.
2) Princess Célestine Dessalines. b. at Saint-Marc, 2^nd April 1793 (twin with her brother Jacques) (d/o Marie-Claire). Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents, 2^nd April 1800. m. at Cap-Henry, 10^th April 1817, Pierre Daux (b. at Petite-Rivière de l'Artibonite, 1796), son of Philippe Daut, by Marie, née Barbé. She d.s.p. 10^th August 1867.
3) Princess Jeanne Sophie Dessalines. b. 20^th January 1799 (d/o Marie-Claire). Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents, 2^nd April 1800. m. … Cazenave. She d. at St Marc, 10^th August 1867.
4) Princess Serrine Dessalines (d/o Marie-Claire-Heureuse).

Emperor Jacques I also left several natural issue, by different mothers, including:

4) César Jacques Dessalines. m. Marie-Thérèse Poncette, née Lange. He had issue:
- a) Lieutenant-General H.E. Jean Jacques César Dessalines. b. ca. 1800 (grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines). Arrested for conspiracy by Faustin I 1856. Marechal de Camp 1853. He was k. by summary execution on the orders of Emperor Faustin I, at Ouanaminthe, 2^nd June 1856, having had issue, by Cécile Pierre-Antoine, a daughter:
  - i) Marie-Noële Dessalines. b. 15^th September 1829.
- a) Marie-Claire Dessalines. b. 1806. She d. 17^th November 1809.
5) Jacques Metellus. b. at Le Cap, 26^th June 1805.
6) Suprême Dessalines. b. at Dessalines, 1806. He had issue, a daughter:
- a) Eugénia Suprême Dessalines. m. Petipas Dorléans. She had issue, a son:
  - i) Noé Dorléans. m. Inésia Valery. He had issue, a daughter:
    - (1) Catherine Dorléans. b. at Marchand-Dessalines, 1889. m. Luma Pierre. She had issue, a daughter.
7) Innocent Dessalines. He d. at Cap-Haïtien, 10^th October 1820, having had issue:
- a) Jasmin Dessalines, who had issue:
  - i) Surpris Dessalines
5) Francillette Dessalines. b. ca. 1796 (full sister of César). m. Carlotin Marcadiux (b. 1778), customs official at Cap-Haïtien 1817. She had issue, one son and two daughters:
- a) Louis Charles Carlotin Marcadiux. b. ca. 1811. He d. 4^th June 1833.
- a) Marie-Claire Marcadiux. b. 9^th August 1817.
Francillette Dessalines, had further issue:
- b) Joseph Augustin Dessalines. b. 1^st July 1827.
6) Calinette Dessalines.
7) Rose Dessalines. b. ca. 1802. She had issue:
- a) Louis Augustin Octavien Dessalines. b. 11^th June 1826.
- b) Louis Mondestin Dessalines. b. 12^th March 1828.
- c) Joseph Belony Dessalines. b. 9^th September 1829. He d. April 1830.
8) Marie-Thérèse Angèle Adeline Dessalines. b. ca. 1804. m. Henri André. She had issue, three daughters:
- a) Marie-Joseph André. b. ca. 1828.
- b) Marie-Rose André. b. 30^th March 1829.
- c) Marie-Thérèse André. b. 14^th April 1839.

END.

CHRISTOPHE

SOULOUQUE

SALNAVE

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